Quiz-+Study+Guide


 * COLD WAR QUIZ GUIDE

**The last quiz of the year, my young historians - a very quick one on the early year of the Cold War. The quiz will be online, but NOT open note open book. It will only cover the topics below concerning the Cold War, and won'**t be worth a ton. If you review the material we covered this week and use this as a checklist, you should be just fine.**


 * The Cold War and Cold War characteristics
 * A state of competition, tensions, and hostility between the United Sates and their allies and the Soviet Union and their allies between WWII and the early 1990's
 * Characteristics
 * communism vs. capitalism
 * massive conventional and nuclear arms race
 * spying and espionage
 * domestic hysteria in the United States
 * battles in the United Nations
 * the space race
 * proxy wars
 * The Cold War was the state of hostility, without direct military conflict, that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union at the end of WWII
 * Thee Soviets freed Eastern Europe states from Nazi rule. Then Soviet forces occupied those states and the Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin free elections to the nations of Eastern Europe. However, when the war ended, Stalin installed pro-Soviet governments throughout Eastern Europe Stalin feared that free elections would lead to anti Soviet government.
 * The Western democracies saw Stalin's occupation of Eastern Europe differently. Truman believed that Stalin intended to spread communism worldwide.
 * As the gap between the Soviet Union and the Western democracies widened, tensions developed. The resulting COld War was a conflict that pitted the UNited States against the Soviet Union. The two nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield. However, the threat of deadly conflict lasted for decades.


 * Yalta Conference
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet friendly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established


 * Containment
 * The Truman Administration's main policy in the Cold war was its containment policy
 * The goal of containment was to stop the spread of communism.
 * The United States would work military and non-military ways to contain communism
 * A policy implemented by the U.S. in 1947 in response to communism it's meant to prevent the growth of a hostile country and limit it's ideological influence


 * It uses political, economic, and diplomatic methods


 * The Truman Doctrine
 * The Truman Doctrine promised aid to people struggling to resist threats to democratic freedom
 * Stop the spread of communism by the United States using money to try to help countries prevent communism from spreading.
 * Focusing on Greece and Turkey the most.


 * A plan instituted in the early cold war that said that the U.S.
 * would contain the spread of communism over the world.
 * Felt the U.S. should support anticommunists
 * Led to the Marshall plan
 * Was the backbone of American policies during the cold war


 * The Marshall Plan
 * **
 * Hoping to prevent the spread of communism, the United States came up with a plan to revive the war-torn economics of Europe. The plan was named for Truman's Secretary of State, George C. Marshall.
 * The Marshall Plan offered 13 billion in aid to western and southern Europe.
 * The plan helped the nations of Europe rebuild
 * United States has become Spiderman...great power comes great responsibility.

>>
 * Economic plan that would stabilize Europe's economy
 * 17 countries received financial support
 * The money given to countries helped to restore industry, agriculture, and trade


 * The Berlin Blockade and Airlift
 * The Berlin airlift was a massive transfer of essential supplies flown into Berlin by British and U.S. forces in around-the-clock missions.
 * As the cold war rivalries between the Soviet Union and the Western powers intensified, the Soviet forces in March 1948 began to harass ground transport that connected West Berlin to West Germany
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Soviet troops halted all railroad traffic between Berlin and the West.
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">The dwindling of food supplies for more than 2 million civilians in West Berlin was also key to Operation Vittles, as the airlift was dubbed in the U.S. military.
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">277,264 flights were made into Berlin carrying 2,343,315 tons of food and coal.
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">On July 26, 1948, the Western powers halted all trade with East Germany in retaliation for the blockade. The Soviets ended the blockade on May 12, 1949 and conceded defeat.
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Russians didn't wasnt people leaving western Germany to go to Eastern Germany, so the created a blockade to stave them
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">But, the United States and Berlin send planes to send food and supplies


 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">A massive transfer of supplies to Germany by U.S. and Great Britan airlift
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Most extraordinary peacetime operation in military history
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Delivered food and clothes to many civilians


 * NATO and the Warsaw Pact
 * *** <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a mutual defense alliance of nations from Europe and North America
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">NATO was organized to defend member nations from the possible aggression of the Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern Europe, which formed the Warsaw Treaty Organization six years later
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">NATO members pledged to work toward reaching agreement with Warsaw Pact countries on equitable and verifiable arms reduction and to cooperate within the alliance in economic, scientific, and cultural areas
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Warsaw was created in response to NATO because to prevent the NATO for having to much of an influence, they wanted to spread communism and NATO didn't want that


 * North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 * A pact that stated that all the countries in it agreed that if someone attacked one of the countries the others would treat it as an attack on their own country
 * In response the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact among it's allies
 * The U.S. and the Soviet Union were the two heavily armed countries on each side


 * **The Red Scare and HUAC**
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Red Scarce refers to the irrational but rampant fear of communism that swept the United States twice during the 20th century . <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Widespread hysteria over labor strikes and protest movements, which were blamed on communists and other radicals.Second red scare occurred during a period of the cold war in the late 1940s and early 1950s when Americans were particularly concerned with the rise of communism
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Julius Rosenberg was arrested for spying and providing Russia with secrets about the atomic bomb. The Rosenbergs vehemently proclaimed their innocence during the trial, the jury found all three guilty of espionage
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Huac began to target people in the movie business of communist plots in movies. Most had their careers ruined

> **<span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">A fear that swept the U.S. in the 1900s
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Included the Depression, nuclear warfare and communism
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Rosenbergs were executed for espionage during the height of the second red scare, they are the only civilians to be executed for spying
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">HUAC looked at Hollywood films and held hearings for them

>> >> <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;">
 * Communism in China**
 * * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-weight: normal;">As United States moved into North Korea, the placed a threat to either stop invasion or they will join the war.
 * By the U.S. ignoring the threat, Hundreds of thousands of Chinese Communist troops attacked in human waves across Yalu River into North Korea. They drove the UN troops back to South Korea.
 * China is the biggest country in the world, causes people in charge in United States look bad
 * Saw movement of UN troops into Korea as a threat to China's security
 * MacArthur wanted to bomb China but Truman refused and eventually fired him


 * **McCarthyism**
 * *** A republican senator, Joseph McCarthy, from WIsconsin
 * He declared he had a numerous amount of people in the Communist party, however, these facts were never proven, but his claim launched a hunt for Communists that wrecked the careers of thousands of people.
 * Term came to stand for reckless charges against innocent citizens


 * It came from a senator from Wisconsin who used the Korean War to increase American fear of communism
 * The term became to mean reckless charges against innocent civilians that ruined the careers of thousands of Americans

> > Impact
 * The Korean War - causes, basic flow of the war, impact
 * Korea is taken over by Japan in 1910
 * Japan loses WWII
 * Korea id divided at the 38th parallel
 * USSR is north and US is south
 * Division is not mean to be permanent
 * Two nations developed
 * Democratic people's Republic of North Korea and RepubliC of South Korea
 * June 1950, North Korea invades South Korea
 * North Korea attacks 1950
 * Truman Orders U.S. forces to defend South Korea
 * Truman names MacArthur to Head U.N. force in Korea
 * SK and UN forces (mostly American) are pushed to Pusan Perimeter
 * Americans head to Ichon
 * Truman forces MacArthur out
 * Meat Grinder, forces battle at 38 parallel
 * Human cost
 * Economic Cost
 * Communism vs. Democracy
 * Winner?
 * US becomes conservative
 * Red Scare
 * Arms Race
 * UN role

<span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;">Positive:
 * Life in the 50s - fear of communism, booming economy, new products, the Space Race, the growth of suburbs, baby boom, television
 * Eisenhower, once President, expanded Social Security, increased the minimum wage for workers, created the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
 * Congress passed the Highway Act of 1956, provided 32 billion to build 41,000 miles of highway
 * United States grew by 30 million people. This increase was mostly because of a baby boom, a sharp increase in the United States birthrate following WWII.
 * Baby Boom spurred the growth of suburbs. Then, to serve the suburbs, movie theaters, shopping center, and restaurants sprouted up.
 * Because of suburbs, cars sales exploded. Few busses or other forms of public transportation existed.
 * The movement of people to the sunbelt increased the population of the warmer states of the South and Southwest
 * Parents were now satisfied that their children were in a pleasant and safe atmosphere.
 * Popular magazines, films, and television programs praised women for their role of the housekeeper
 * The Economy was booming. Americans filled their homes with dishwashers, washing machines, clothes, dryers, and vacuums.
 * Hollywood cranked out westerns, musicals, and romances
 * Rock and Roll became a big hit
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">U.S. industry responded not only to American consumer demand but also to demand around the world. By 1952, the United States was supplying 65% of the world's manufactured goods
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">Government programs like the GI Bill offered low-cost housing and education loans to returning servicemen, which brought college education and home ownership to more Americans
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">Demand for schools, shops, and retail businesses meant an increase in service jobs. Many more Americans joined the middle class as they obtained homes, education, and disposable income
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">Technological advances had allowed the creation of a plethora of goodies, and television advertising. By 1949, Americans were buying 250,000 televisions a month
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">American sciences of many kinds blossomed during a time of great economic prosperity. Organizations such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis sponsored huge medical research projects
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">Doctors began to use antibiotics more often in the treatment of disease. This made many previously life-threatening conditions relatively easy to treat.
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">Living in the suburbs was made possible by the fact that more and more families could afford automobiles
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">A housing bill passed in 1948 made 30-year mortgages available to new home buyers. In addition, the bill allowed veterans to buy houses with no down payment. This gave thousands of struggling new families a chance to own their own homes.

Negative:
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;">In 1957, one out of every five Americans lived in poverty
 * Im<span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;">migration from Mexico increased greatly. Many crossed the border illegally and other came through the government.
 * New types of music, and especially rock and roll, took away from poetry and writing.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">In 1947, a congressional committee called the House UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC) was hard at work, targeting the film and television industry. The producers, writers, actors, and actresses involved in the media had to be monitored
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">The HUAC's most visible tactic was a "blacklist." Names of suspected communists were placed on a list. No one in the industry would dare hire people whose names were on the list


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">Separate but equal was still the standard in schools and public facilities, but separate was emphasized more than equal. The burgeoning civil rights movement brought some of these problems to light, and changes began to be made to attempt to correct the inequalities


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">Fear of Soviet Union was successful atomic bomb
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">The Red Scare, a wave of panic form fear of a Communist revolution
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;">"MacArthy Period"

Space Race:

In 1957, the superpower began a space race The Soviet union stunned the world by launching the world's first space satellite. This meant that the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the United States Congress set aside billions of collars for space researchThe Soviet Union launched Sputnik which even though it was just the size of a basketball, scared many Americans because they could reach space and had rockets to send missiles to the U.S.Then the Soviet Union shot down a U.S. spy plane and demanded an apology


 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;">JFK and Cuba - Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis (if you missed Friday's class, [|check out this overview.]

I have just seen pictures that show Russian missile launchers located on the island of Cuba, 90 miles from our border. The launchers could be fitted with nuclear warheads for offensive strikes on U.S. sites as far away as Montana. I need some help in deciding what we should do about these missiles in Cuba. I don’t think I can handle the pressure alone. <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial;">There are many possible ideas - an air strike, an invasion of mainland Cuba, a naval blockade, a diplomatic protest in the United Nations, and other ideas. I know this decision will be extremely crucial for the safety of Americans and the world in general. What benefits and challenges do the options present, and which option should I take? A naval blockade was issued- a quarantine. Stop all naval ships from coming to Cuba and inspect all cargo. The Washington press corps has found out that something strange and important is going on. We are working well into the night, and I had to leave a planned trip to Chicago due to “the flu” (wink wink). I have placed the military on full alert, and I have notified our allies that there is some serious trouble brewing with the Soviets. Congress, which is on recess, has been alerted and party leaders are becoming aware of the situation. Nearly 200,000 American troops have been moved to Key West, Florida - the largest invasion force ever assembled on American soil. The news is going to break sooner or later, so I need some more advice. Do I tell the public of the evidence of Soviet missiles in Cuba and the possibility that U.S. ships will be enforcing a quarantine of Cuba? How much do I tell them? Or should I just stay quiet? JFK tells the Soviet Union missile build up in Cuba and the nuclear supply in the Western Hemisphere. In order to stop the distribution of missiles, he announces a naval blockade. Any missile distribution, direct hit on Soviet Union. Some communism taken place by the United States. Quarantine in place by October 25. ****DAY 8 - 9 Tuesday, October 23 to** **Wednesday, October 24** We have put the quarantine into effect and told the Soviet Union of our intentions to stop any and all Soviet ships from entering Cuba. Cuba has bulked up its military along the coasts in preparation for a possible invasion and called the U.S. a bully at the United Nations. Moscow is accusing the U.S. of piracy. A Soviet ship is approaching the quarantine line and attempts to break through the quarantine. What should we do about the oncoming ship, and why? **WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS** The ship was allowed to go through. The, all of the Soviet ships stopped and turned around. US wins the "staredown." <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">We also have evidence that the Soviets are installing actual weapons that will be able to fire on the U.S. in a matter of days. My decision is now a matter of peace or war. Should I give the order to fire weapons on the existing missile sites, set an ultimatum for removal of the missiles, destroy Soviet ships in the Caribbean, send troops to Cuba, move nuclear subs toward the USSR, or attempt any further means of peaceful diplomacy? I need some help, EXCOMM! **WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS JFK gives an ultimatum to crushev saying get rid of the missles or else we will invade Cuba.
 * DAYS 1-3 Tuesday, October 16 to Thursday, October 18**
 * WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS**
 * DAY 4 - 7- Friday, October 19 to Monday, October 22 **
 * WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS

DAY 10-12- Thursday, October 25 to Saturday, October 27** Proceedings are becoming heated at the United Nations. Our delegate to the UN has openly challenged the Soviet Union about the missiles, without getting a desired response. Tensions remain high between the two countries. Nikita Khrushchev and the Soviets have made two offers - the first is to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for no American invasion of Cuba, and the second demands U.S. removal of missiles from Turkey in return for the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba. What do you do in this situation - accept either of the offers, make a counter offer, or demand immediate removal or else troops and weapons will be deployed? Kenedy agrees to first message, privately agrees to second. Crisis ends when missles are removed**
 * WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS